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Sports injuries

Sports is an urgent need for every member of society, and the quality and enjoyment of life depends on the extent of commitment to physical activities and the continuity and maintenance of that.

How can we avoid its occurrence, what are the causes and how to treat them, all of these questions we will find answers to in the following article:

the definition :

Injury means exposure of one of the body’s tissues to internal or external stimuli that lead to anatomical or physiological changes to the affected organ, which disrupts the work or function of that organ temporarily or may become permanent.

Justifications for studying injuries:

• 1- Sports injuries are a source of threat to sports programs and motor activities.
• 2- It has become a huge financial burden on those who practice sports, whether individuals or bodies.
• 3- On the principle of prevention is better than treatment, as the treatment is not able to build the infected cells with the accuracy that they were originally.

Causes of sports injuries:

Sports injury varies depending on the type of activity, nature of performance and level of physical fitness of the player. The causes of sports injuries can be summarized by the following reasons:

• 1- The dangerous nature of some games.
• 2- The player's weak knowledge of preventive measures and the extent of the danger of the movement he performs.
• 3- Low level of physical fitness of the player and poor kinetic technique for performance.
• 4- Neglecting to warm up adequately for exercise.
• 5- Wrong training in terms of intensity and duration.
• 6- Poor sports equipment and facilities.
• 7- Deliberate roughness and violation of the rules governing the game.
• 8- Neglecting to carry out the necessary medical examinations periodically.
• 9 - Not taking into account the weather conditions for practicing the activity.
• 10- The difference in the levels of the players and their heterogeneity in age and skill.
• 11- Doing some sports that do not fit the body pattern.
• 12- A dysfunction in one of the body's organs.
• 13- The psychological state of the player or the team as a whole.

The main symptoms of infection:

1. Pain, whether it is from a state of rest or movement within the normal range of motion of the member.
2.  The inability to move the injured member.
3.  Tumor, as a result of hemorrhage and fluid accumulation.
4.  Deformation at the site of injury.
5.  Stiffness of the affected joint or near the site of the injury.
6.  The affected part is not stable in its normal position.
7.  Change in skin color.
8.  The presence of weakness or atrophy in the muscles.
9.  Feeling of pain when pressing on the injury site.
10.  Feeling pain when performing a certain movement.
11.  A local increase in temperature.

Degrees of injury:

• (A) First-degree injuries, which are simple in terms of seriousness and do not impede the continuation of performance, and they constitute 80-90% of the total injuries. Such as bruises, and muscle cramps.

• (B) Second-degree injuries, a moderate injury and hindering the player for a period that may reach more than two weeks and constitute 8% of the total injuries. Muscular rupture, ligament and joint injuries.

• (C) Third degree injuries are very serious and hinder the player from continuing to perform for a period of no less than a month, and they constitute 2% of the injuries and are in the form of fractures, dislocations or cartilage slips.

The main injuries:

It is classified according to the time of occurrence into:

(1) Primary or direct injuries (Acute, Traumatic)

usually occur as a result of exposure to direct and sudden shock, and they are the main type of injuries and are divided into:

• (a) Self-inflicted injuries that are less serious and occur as a result of an error in loading body tissues more than their capacity or performing a wrong technique.
• (B) due to external factors (the opponent, the tools, the playing court) and are more severe than self-injury: fractures, dislocations, ligaments, head injuries.
• (C) Injuries due to internal factors, and they occur due to a dysfunction in one of the body’s organs, or changes in the body’s tissues as a result of continuous training and repetition of effort, which causes the accumulation of waste and acids, causing muscle swelling, which leads to the muscle losing its function.

(2) chronic injuries 

The reason for its occurrence is due to several reasons:

1. (a) As a result of a primary injury.
2. (B) due to wrong treatment or incomplete treatment of a previous injury.
3. (C) The presence of chronic congenital malformations (bone growths, flat feet).
4. (d) Excessive exercise or physical activity.

First aid for sports injuries

The recovery process from an injury depends on several factors:

• 1- The type and severity of the injury.
• 2 - immediate and early treatment.
• 3- Choosing the appropriate type of treatment for the injury and the accuracy of its application.
• 4- The age of the injured, the younger the injured, the faster his recovery.
• 5- The level of physical fitness and psychological readiness of the injured.

Initial treatment procedures for primary injuries:

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The processing procedures can be summarized in the English word (RICE), where each letter of the word indicates the action taken as follows:

1- Immediate cessation of activity or rest. (REST)

It begins in the event of an injury and continues according to the severity of the injury and the nature of the treatment taken and may reach weeks, as it contributes to reducing the complications that may occur and reduces the period of inability to move the affected organ to a degree of up to 70%, and rest also works to mitigation the tumor and inflammation.

2- Cooling (ICE).

This procedure is called freezing anesthesia, as this procedure relieves bleeding, swelling, inflammation and relieves pain, as the cooling process narrows the veins and capillaries, thus reducing the blood flow towards the affected organ, which results in an improvement in the condition.

The treatment process is by placing ice on the affected part immediately after the injury in the form of compresses, preferably crushed ice to completely cover the entire affected part, provided that it is repeated approximately every hour for 10-15 minutes each time in the first twenty-four hours and up to three days .

3- Bandages and compression ligaments

Bandages and compression ligaments are used to treat injuries as a primary measure to stop bleeding and reduce swelling, which contributes to relieving pain. This procedure can be done as follows:

1. (A) Connecting from the point furthest from the heart and below the area of ​​injury.
2. (b) Winding upward in the form of an upward spiral.
3. (C) Ensure that the dressing Bandages  or compression ligaments are not pressing on the skin or any of the body tissues.
4. (D) The band remains for two days after the cooling stage.
5. (C) Bandages may be replaced after that with another if necessary.

4- Elevating the affected part (ELEVATION).

This is done by raising the affected part above the level of the heart as much as possible, and the goal is to reduce the blood flow to the affected area.

Complications of sports injuries:

When the injury occurs, primary remedial measures must be taken in order to avoid any complications that may occur. Delaying the initial treatment may lead to chronic injuries, permanent disability, or the creation of physical deformity for the injured person, and of course also leads to a decrease in the player's efficiency and performance.

Methods of prevention :

In order to avoid injury, the following matters must be taken into account:

• 1- Compliance with the rules and regulations of the game.
• 2- Develop physical fitness and skill level performance.
• 3- Eat a healthy diet and get enough rest.
• 4- Make a sufficient warm-up before practicing the activities.
• 5- Taking into account the weather conditions.
• 6- Use appropriate clothing and equipment for exercise.
• 7 - Regular medical examinations.
• 8- Do not over-train.
• 9- Regular and continuous training and not interruption for long periods.

Physical therapy for chronic injuries

There are many natural treatment methods for injuries, including water, electricity, heat and exercise, and it can be said that they work to achieve several benefits:

1.  Contributes to accelerating recovery from injury.
2.  Prevention of complications that may occur due to injury.
3.  Activate the player's motor and functional abilities.
4.  Reducing injury pain, increasing joint flexibility, and treating muscle weakness and atrophy.
5.  Treatment of deformities of body and correction of wrong movement habits.

Natural remedies:

In the treatment of sports injuries, several methods are used for the therapist, and they can be summarized as follows:

1- Massage, which is a group of manual movements that affect the different tissues of the body with the aim of relaxing or treating. It works to achieve several benefits:

• A - Helps to warm up and lengthen the muscle.
• B - Helps to get rid of waste and acids that cause pain.
• C - Helps to relax and get rid of muscle and nervous tension.
• D - Activate the body's hormones.

And it is taken into account not to perform the massage process if the patient suffers from any or all of the following symptoms:

1.  Skin diseases.
2.  Wounds or bleeding.
3.  Cases of blood clot.
4.  acute infections.
5.  ruptures of muscles, tendons and ligaments.
6.  an increase in temperature.

2 - Hydrotherapy uses water in its three states: gaseous, liquid and solid, which makes it an easy option for treatment, especially as it is used in the case of cold and heat. Hydrotherapy takes several forms:

1. A - A hot bath, whose effectiveness lies in stimulating blood circulation and improving muscle nutrition and relaxation.
2. B - Cold bath, in addition to being a direct treatment in immediate cases, it is also used as a means of treating chronic cases.
3. C - Mineral baths, and works to treat joint diseases by absorbing some of the mineral substances that the body may lose.
4. d- Sauna, the importance of which lies in getting rid of a lot of body waste through sweating.

3 - Therapeutic exercises Therapeutic exercises are used in the case of treatment, rehabilitation and a preventive method as well. They may take several forms:

• A - Static exercises, and are mostly used in the event that the affected organ is fixed with a splint, as a protection for the muscles connected to this organ from atrophy and weakness, as no contraction of the joint occurs during these exercises.

• B - Mobile exercises, which are exercises in which the joints move during their performance, aiming to shorten and lengthen the muscle, and their importance lies in achieving an increase in oxygen nutrition, speeding up the disposal of waste, increasing blood nutrition and improving neuromuscular compatibility.

4 - Electrotherapy

• It includes electrotherapy, light, heat and sound waves, all of which work to raise body temperature, expand blood vessels, relieve pain and thus help in the treatment process.

common injuries

Injuries differ in terms of severity, mechanism of occurrence and methods of treatment. It can be said that the most common injuries, which may represent the largest percentage of injuries, are as follows:

First - muscle injuries, which are common among players and non-players, and the most important of them are:

1. A- bruises 
2. b- muscle cramps 
3. c- muscle tears.

Second - skin injuries, which are injuries that occur externally or internally to the skin tissue and may be in the form of 

1. a-abrasions 
2. b-wounds 
3. c-bleeding.

Third - bone injuries, usually caused by the exposure of the bone to a force greater than the bearing capacity of the bone and can be divided into:

1.  A - simple fracture 
2. B - double fracture 
3. C - complex fracture.

Fourth - joint injuries, one of the most common injuries that occur among athletes and others. The joints of the foot and wrist are among the places most vulnerable to such injuries and are in the form of a sprain or dislocation of one of the joints.

Fifth - Thermal injuries, which most likely occur due to the player's exposure to high temperature, loss of salts and fluids, or high body temperature, and the individual may be exposed to shivering as a result of extreme cold or low temperatures.

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